Skip to Main Content

APA

ACU Library guide to referencing in APA7 style

Indigenous knowings

In-text citation

(Surname, Nation/Country/Language Group, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

(Faulkhead, Koorie, personal communication, June 14, 2023)

Or

Surname, (Nation/Country/Language Group), (personal communication, Month Day, Year)

As shared by Faulkhead (Koorie), (personal communication, June 14, 2023)…

Notes

  • Indigenous knowings or oral traditions that have no recoverable source are cited in the text only.
  • Provide enough detail in the in-text citation to convey content and origin of the source of information.
  • Refer to the Australian Government Style Manual - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples for guidance on using culturally appropriate and respectful language.
  • Refer also to the toolkit Indigenous referencing guidance for Indigenous knowledges for help in citing indigenous knowledges. The guide is based on the Victorian context but can be applied to the acknowledgement of First Peoples' knowledges nationally. It provides direction on the respectful attribution of knowledges. It also includes decision making tools for selecting appropriate sources, and for adhering to the protocols and responsibilities attached to citing First Peoples' knowledges. The referencing examples in the toolkit are displayed in APA style. These can be reformatted to align with other referencing styles.

     

Personal Communications

In-text

According to S. W. Choi (personal communication, August 4, 2021) …

(S. W. Choi, personal communication, August 4, 2021) …

Notes

  • Personal communications are not included in the reference list as they cannot be accessed or found by others. Cite them in the text only.
  • Personal communications can include emails, text messages, online chats, personal interviews, phone conversations, memos, letters, and lectures. More examples can be found on the APAstyle website.