APA

Reference list

Examples:

Bagley, M. (2017, December 20). Mount Vesuvius & Pompeii: Facts & history. Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/27871-mount-vesuvius-pompeii.html

Department of Education, Skills and Employment. (2022). Australian early development census. https://www.aedc.gov.au/

National Museum of Australia. (n.d.). Joyce Clague. https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/features/indigenous-rights/people/joyce-clague

In-text

(Bagley, 2017) or (Bagley, 2017, para. 8) or Bagley (2017) argues …

(Department of Education, Skills and Employment [DESE], 2022) or Department of Education Skills and Employment (DESE, 2022) shows …

(National Museum of Australia, n.d.) or National Museum of Australia (n.d.)

Notes

• For help in determining the author of a page check the 'about us" link or acknowledgements page.
• For a page from an organisation that has no individual author, use the name of the organisation as the author.
• If no author can be identified, use the title of the page.
• Use the most specific date available, for example, year, month day; year, month; or year only. Use (n.d.) if no date is available.
• Use the "last updated" date if it applies to the content you are citing.
• Omit the site name when it is the same as the author.
• If the URL is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
• Include paragraph numbers (para.) within in-text citations for direct quotes. When paraphrasing, paragraph numbers are recommended but not required.
• For multiple authors, consult the guidance provided by APA for reference lists and in-text citations.

Reference List

Example:

National Heart Foundation of Australia. (2019). Protect your heart: 5 simple steps. https://bit.ly/3vENGdR

In-text

(National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2019) or (National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2019, para. 2)

The National Heart Foundation of Australia (2019) recommends that …

Notes

• For a document from an organisation that has no individual author use the name of the organisation as the author.
• Use the most specific date available, for example, year, month day; year, month; or year only. Use (n.d.) if no publishing date is available.
• Omit the site name when it is the same as the author.
• Include a retrieval date only if the source material is likely to change over time.
• Copy and paste the complete URL to avoid transcription errors.
• If the URL is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
• Include page numbers (or paragraph numbers in the absence of page numbers) within in-text citations for direct quotes. When paraphrasing, page numbers are recommended but not required.
• For multiple authors, consult the guidance provided by APA for reference lists and in-text citations.

Reference list

Examples:

Wilson, S., Hammer, J., Miller, M., Wright, C., Hargis, L., & Usher, E. (2022, August 26-29). Identifying mental health related help-seeking beliefs in undergraduate engineers [Paper presentation]. 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, United States. https://strategy.asee.org/41918

Barker, K. & Tracey, D. (2019, December 1-6). Teachers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards students with a parent in prison [Conference presentation abstract]. Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) Conference, Brisbane, Australia. https://bit.ly/2XWS2w7

In-text

(Barker & Tracey, 2019)

Barker and Tracey (2019) found …

Notes

• If full dates are not available, provide as much information as is available.
• If video of the conference presentation is available, include a link at the end of the reference.
• The description is flexible, for example, [Conference session], [Paper presentation], [Poster session], [Keynote address].
• Copy and paste the complete URL to avoid transcription errors.
• If the URL is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
• For multiple authors, consult the guidance provided by APA for reference lists and in-text citations.
• Further examples are available on the APA Style Blog.

Reference list

Aizenman, H. (2019, October 29). The apocalyptic visions of Ariana Reines [Review of the book A sand book by Ariana Reines]. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-apocalyptic-visions-of-ariana-reines

Bradshaw, P., (2020, January 3). La Dolce Vita review - a sexy, surreal masterpiece of modernity [Review of the film La Dolce Vita by F. Fellini, Dir.] The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jan/03/la-dolce-vita-review-federico-fellini-marcello-mastroianni

In-Text

(Aizenman, 2019) or Aizenman (2019) observes that …

Notes

• The full date is included in the reference list entry.
• Copy and paste the complete URL to avoid transcription errors.
• If the URL is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
• For multiple authors, consult the guidance provided by APA for reference lists and in-text citations.

Reference list

Example:

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2020, Dec 1). Insufficient physical activity (Cat. No. PHE 248) [Web report]. https://tinyurl.com/43w9ktc8

In-text

(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2020).

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2020) show that …

Notes

• Omit the publisher name when it is the same as the author.
• Include a description of the report in square brackets after the title if it will help to identify the contents.
• Include the report/issue/publication number if available, for example, (Report No. 45).
• Copy and paste the complete URL to avoid transcription errors.
• If the URL is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
• For multiple authors consult the guidance provided by APA for reference lists and in-text citations.