Chicago A: 18th edition

Personal communication is used for any information shared with you 'in person'. There are additional referencing guidelines in Chicago 18, to acknowledge the authority of the traditional knowledge and oral traditions passed down through First Nations Knowledge Keepers. Refer to the format below for details.

Footnotes

^No Full name of the person (Traditional Name [if applicable]), Nation/Community, Treaty territory [if applicable], where they live [if applicable], topic/subject of communication [if not mentioned in the text], interview [specify only if not clear from the text], month, day, year. 

Bibliography

Surname, Given Name(s) of person (Traditional Name [if applicable]). Nation/Community. Treaty territory [if applicable]. Where they live [if applicable]. Topic/subject of communication [if not mentioned in the text]. Interview [specify only if not clear from the text], month, day, year. 

Notes

• You must confirm that the information provided is suitable for sharing or requires additional protocols in order to obtain permission.
• Some Elders and Knowledge Keepers will prefer to be listed under their Traditional Name rather than their legal name. Always check with the person to see how he or she would like to be referred to. He or she may only want their title used within their community.
• Specific citation details (such as the Nation or Community to which they belong) should be confirmed with the Knowledge Keeper before inclusion.
• If there is any additional contextual information that is significant to this communication, please include it in the citation.
• See CMOS 14.137 for further examples and guidance. 

Secondary sources related to Indigenous peoples, cultures, and histories that consist of published books and articles and the like or other publicly available content can usually be cited according to the type of source as described elsewhere in this chapter; however, caution should be used, especially with older materials.

• When citing written works by Indigenous authors, or Indigenous knowledge used by non-Indigenous authors, the Indigenous Referencing Guidance for Indigenous Knowledges [PDF, 9.47MB] toolkit provides direction on the respectful attribution of knowledges. It includes a decision making tool (on page 7) for selecting appropriate sources, and guidelines for adhering to the protocols and responsibilities attached when citing First Peoples' knowledges (from page 12). A key recommendation is to include the Indigenous person's Nation, Country or Language group in your citation, if that information is available. The referencing examples are displayed in APA style, but these can be reformatted to align with other referencing styles, such as Chicago. Resources should be cited according to the format for the type of source e.g. book, article. 
• For further advice about referencing and using culturally appropriate and respectful language when writing with, for or about First Nations people, refer to the relevant section in the Australian Government Style Manual. The First Peoples' knowledges guide also provides general information on referencing.