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MLA

A guide to using MLA 9th referencing style

Print book

Works Cited

Surname, Given Name(s). Title of Book. Version, Publisher, Date of Publication.

Abrahamson, Mark. Urban Sociology: A Global Introduction. Cambridge UP, 2014.

In-text

Abrahamson theorises that … (46).

It has been theorised that … (Abrahamson 46).

Notes

Author: For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and Works Cited list format.

Title: The title is always in italics. All words in the title and subtitle are in capitalised headline-style, except articles and prepositions.

Version: If the book is not a first edition, place the edition number after the title followed by the abbreviation, ed. (for example 3rd ed.).

Edited book

Works Cited

Surname, Given Name(s), editor. Title of Book. Version, Publisher, Date of Publication.

Lennan, Richard, editor. The Holy Spirit: Setting the World on Fire. Paulist Press, 2017.

In-text

Lennan (38) suggests that …

… (Lennan 76).

Notes

Author: For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and Works Cited list format.

Title: The title is always in italics. All words in the title and subtitle are in capitalised headline-style, except articles and prepositions.

Version: If the book is not a first edition, place the edition number after the title followed by the abbreviation, ed. (for example 3rd ed.).

Ebook

Works Cited

​With DOI (preferred)

Surname, Given Name(s). Title of Book. Version, Publisher, Year of Publication. Title of Database or Website, DOI.

Soler Gallert, Marta. Achieving Social Impact: Sociology in the Public Sphere. Springer, 2017. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60270-7.

Without DOI

Surname, Given Name(s). Title of Book. Version, Publisher, Year of Publication. Title of Database or Website, URL.

Hugo, Victor. Les Miserables. Library edition, Little Brown, 1893. Hathi Trust Digital Library, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x030735967;view=1up;seq=4;size=125.

In-text

Hugo suggests … (46).

… (Hugo 43).

Notes

Author: For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and Works Cited list format.

Title: The title is always in italics. All words in the title and subtitle are in capitalised headline-style, except articles and prepositions.

Version: If the book is not a first edition, place the edition number after the title followed by the abbreviation, ed. (for example 3rd ed.).

URL or DOI: It is preferable to cite the DOI link using https://doi.org/. If no DOI is available, use the URL. When including a URL remove the prefix http:// or https://.

 

Chapter in an edited ebook

Works Cited

With DOI

Chapter Author Surname, Given Name(s). "Title of Chapter." Title of Book, edited by Editor Given Name(s) Surname. Publisher, Year, pages. Title of Database, DOI.

Hindricks, Frank. "Language and Society." The Sage Handbook of the Philosophy of Social Sciences, edited by Ian C. Jarvie and Jesús Zamora-Bonilla, Sage, 2011, pp. 137-52. Sage Research Methods, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473913868.n6

Without DOI

Chapter Author Surname, Given Name(s). "Title of Chapter." Title of Book, edited by Editor Given Name Surname. Publisher, Year, pages. Title of Database or Website URL.

Brouillette, Sarah. "#YOLO." Literature and the Global Contemporary, edited by Sarah Brouillette, Mathias Nilges, and Emilio Sauri. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 67-82. Springer, link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-63055-7.

In-text

Brouillette suggests … (67).

… (Brouillette 67).

Notes

Author: For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and Works Cited list format.

Titles: All words in the chapter and book title and subtitle are in capitalised headline-style, except articles and prepositions.

Chapter Title: Surround the chapter title with quotation marks.

Book title: The book title is formatted in italics.

Version: If the book is not a first edition, place the edition number after the title followed by the abbreviation, ed. (for example 3rd ed.).

URL or DOI: It is preferable to cite the DOI link using https://doi.org/. If no DOI is available, use the URL. When including a URL remove the prefix http:// or https://.