Our information and examples are based on the following style guide: MHRA Style Guide, third edition (2013). It is set by the Modern Humanities Research Association.
You can also use resources from the Academic Skills Unit on: referencing basics, academic integrity and academic writing to develop your skills. Workshops and consultations are also offered.
General Notes
- MHRA uses the footnote citation style of referencing.
- A number in superscript is used in text to cite a work, and the full details of the work are available in the footnote at the end of the page.
- The number in superscript should be placed at the end of a sentence after the punctuation.
- The title of books and journals is always in italics.
- All words in the title and subtitle are capitalised, except articles and prepositions.
- If the book is not a first edition, place the edition number after the title of a book, for example, Book Title, 3rd edn.
- For multiple authors check the author layout table for footnote and bibliography format.
- Check the sample bibliography for guidance on the complete list.