Our examples are based on the IEEE Reference Guide (2022) from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. See also the IEEE Editorial Style Manual for Authors (2022).
You can also use resources from the Academic Skills Unit on: referencing basics, academic integrity and academic writing to develop these skills. Workshops and consultations are also offered.
General Notes
- IEEE is a numbered referencing system
- In-text citations are given a number and enclosed in square brackets e.g., [1] directly after the summary or quote
- A reference list containing the full details of in-text citations is placed at the end of a paper.
- The citations in the reference list are arranged in the order they are cited in the paper (not alphabetically)
- The citation numbers are static. The same number should be used for the same source each time it is cited
- The reference list should be single spaced with double spaces between each entry
- For multiple authors, check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format
- Check the sample reference list for guidance on the complete list