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Referencing

Need help with referencing styles? Start with this helpful guide.

Facebook, Instagram and Twitter

Reference list

Name of Group [Username]. (Year, Month Day). Post title [Post type]. Site Name. https://xxxxxxxxxx

Facebook post

New South Wales Department of Education [NSW Department of Education]. (2018, July 1). Did you know that all canteens in NSW public schools will be healthy canteens by December 2019? [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/NSWDepartmentofEducation/photos/a.143622402323515.22716.118142061538216/2108844565801279/?type=3&theater

Instagram

World Health Organization [@who]. (2020, December 21). At WHO, we know #vaccineswork. Last year, millions of Somali children received vaccines to protect them against #polio, delivered by [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CJBs0RXDfn5/?igshid=1ov8v5lamggth

Twitter

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2018, June 13). World-class engineers and artists are working together to design bionic limbs for children with disabilities: https://b-gat.es/2l3xYV9 [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/BillGates/status/1006541128621961216

In-text

The New South Wales Department of Education (2018) reported …

(New South Wales Department of Education, 2018).

Notes

  • Include the group name or organisation name, plus social media account username in square brackets.
  • If using the author's name, follow the usual APA format ( Author, A. A.).
  • To reference a tweet, include the [@username] after the author.
  • Use the first 20 words of the post or tweet as the title.
  • Retrieval date is included because links are subject to change.
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.
  • Refer to the APA blog for more social media examples.

Blog post

Reference list

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Post title. Blog Title. https://xxxxxxxxxx

Sheninger, E. (2018, June 6). Reflective learning as the new normal. A Principal's Reflections. http://esheninger.blogspot.com/2018/06/reflective-learning-as-new-normal.html

In-text

(Sheninger, 2018).

Sheninger (2018) argues …

Notes

  • The full date is included in the reference list entry.
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Reviews

Reference list

Reviewer, A.A., (year, month day). Title of review [Review of the book / film / TV series Title by C.C. Creator]. Review Source Title. https://doi.xxxx or https://xxxxxxxxxx

Aizenman, H. (2019, October 29). The apocalyptic visions of Ariana Reines [Review of the book A sand book by Ariana Reines]. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-apocalyptic-visions-of-ariana-reines

Bradshaw, P., (2020, January 3). La Dolce Vita review - a sexy, surreal masterpiece of modernity [Review of the film La Dolce Vita by F. Fellini, Dir.] The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jan/03/la-dolce-vita-review-federico-fellini-marcello-mastroianni

In-Text

(Aizenman, 2019) or Aizenman (2019) observes that ...

Notes

  • The full date is included in the reference list entry.
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Online forum post

Reference List

Author, A. A. [Username ]. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Online forum post]. Site Name. https://xxxxxxxxxx

u/SoLongAndTired.(2017, October 27). Disability discrimination [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/TalesFromTheFrontDesk/comments/79080r/disability_discrimination/

In-text

(u/SoLongAndTired, 2017) or u/SoLongAndTired (2017) notes that ...

Notes

  • When the real name of the author is known, provide it first, followed by the username in brackets.
  • If the real name of the author is not known, provide only the username without brackets.
  • Use up to the first 20 words of the post as the title.
  • See the APA blog for more examples.