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Referencing

Need help with referencing styles? Start with this helpful guide.

Webpage

Reference list

Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year, Month day). Title of work. Site Name. https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Bagley, M. (2017, December 20). Mount Vesuvius & Pompeii: Facts & history. Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/27871-mount-vesuvius-pompeii.html

Department of Education, Skills and Employment. (2020, April 1). Australian early development census (AEDC). https://www.dese.gov.au/early-childhood-data-and-reports/australian-early-development-census-aedc

National Museum of Australia. (n.d.). Joyce Clague. https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/features/indigenous-rights/people/joyce-clague

In-text

(Bagley, 2017) or (Bagley, 2017, para. 8) or Bagley (2017) argues …

(Department of Education, Skills and Employment [DESE], 2020) or Department of Education Skills and Employment (DESE, 2020) shows ...

(National Museum of Australia, n.d.) or National Museum of Australia (n.d.)

Notes

  • For help in determining the author of a page check the 'about us" link or acknowledgements page.
  • For a page from an organization that has no individual author use the name of the organization as the author.
  • If no author can be identified, use the title of the page
  • Use the most specific date available, e.g., year, month day; year, month; or year only. Use (n.d.) if no date is available.
  • Use the "last updated" date if it applies to the content you are citing
  • Omit the site name when it is the same as the author.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • Include paragraph numbers (para.) within in-text citations for direct quotes. When paraphrasing, paragraph numbers are recommended but not required.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Document from a website

Reference List

Author, A. (Year, Month day). Title of work. Site Name. https://xxxxxxxxxx

National Heart Foundation of Australia. (2019). Protect your heart: 5 simple steps. https://bit.ly/3vENGdR

In-text

(National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2019) or (National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2019, para. 2)

The National Heart Foundation of Australia (2019) recommends that...

Notes

  • For a document from an organization that has no individual author use the name of the organization as the author.
  • Use the most specific date available, e.g., year, month day; year, month; or year only. Use (n.d.) if no publishing date is available.
  • Omit the site name when it is the same as the author.
  • Include a retrieval date only if the source material is likely to change over time.
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • Include page numbers (or paragraph numbers in the absence of page numbers) within in-text citations for direct quotes. When paraphrasing, page numbers are recommended but not required.

Statistics

Reference list

Author. (Year, Month day). Title of document (Cat. No. XXX). https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018, April 23). Childhood education and care, Australia, June 2017 (Cat. No. 4402.0). http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4402.0Main+Features1June%202017?OpenDocument

In-text

(Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2018)

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2018) reported ...

Subsequent citations: (ABS, 2018)

Notes

  • Acronyms for long organisational names can be used if the acronym is added in brackets after first use (see in-text example above).
  • More details on elements to include when citing different document types are available at Citing ABS sources (ABS website).
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Conference presentations

Reference list

Conference presentation

Author, A. A., Author, B. B. & Author, C. C. (Year, Month Day-Day). Conference paper title [Type of contribution]. Conference Title, Place, Country. https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Wilson, S., Hammer, J., Miller, M., Wright, C., Hargis, L., & Usher, E. (2022, August 26-29). Identifying mental health related help-seeking beliefs in undergraduate engineers [Paper presentation]. 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Minneapolis, MN, United States. https://strategy.asee.org/41918

Conference presentation abstract

Barker, K. & Tracey, D. (2019, December 1-6). Teachers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards students with a parent in prison [Conference presentation abstract]. Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) Conference, Brisbane, Australia. https://bit.ly/2XWS2w7

In-text

(Barker & Tracey, 2019)

Barker and Tracey (2019) found …

Notes

  • If full dates are not available, provide as much information as is available.
  • If video of the conference presentation is available, include a link at the end of the reference.
  • The description is flexible e.g., [Conference session], [Paper presentation], [Poster session], [Keynote address].
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Clinical practice guidelines

Reference list

Author. (Year, Month day). Title of document (Report number if provided). https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Australian Government Department of Health. (2018). Clinical practice guidelines: Pregnancy care. https://bit.ly/3VLt5z8

In-text

(Australian Government Department of Health, 2018) or The Australian Government Department of Health (2018) outlines …

Notes

  • Use the government department responsible for the publication or report as the author.
  • Acronyms for long organisational names can be used, if the acronym is added in brackets after first use, e.g.
    • First citation: (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia [NMBA], 2018)
    • Subsequent citations: (NMBA, 2018).
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Reports and gray literature

Reference list

Government agency/Organization/Individual author/s. (Year, Month day). Title of report  (Report No. if provided). Publisher Name. https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2020, Dec 1). Insufficient physical activity (Cat. No. PHE 248) [Web report]. https://bit.ly/3jXw36f

In-text

(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2020).

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2020) show that …

Notes

  • Omit the publisher name when it is the same as the author.
  • Include a description of the report in square brackets if it will help to identify the contents
  • Include the report/issue/publication number if available, e.g. (Report No. 45)
  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Standards

Reference list

Standards Organization. (year of publication). Title of standard (Standard number). https://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Standards Australia. (2010). Guide for managing risk in not-for-profit organizations (HB 266:2010). http://www.saiglobal.com

In-text

(Standards Australia, 2010) or Standards Australia (2010) recommend that…

Notes

  • Copy and paste the complete url to avoid transcription errors.
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.
  • Provide page numbers or paragraph numbers when doing a direct quote.