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Referencing

Need help with referencing styles? Start with this helpful guide.

Image from a database

In APA referencing the  word "figure" is used to refer to an image, graph, chart, photograph, drawing or any other nontextual depiction (with the exception of a table).

Reference list

Author. A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year).Title. Source. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://xxxxxxxxxxxxx. 

Gallagher, S. A., & Hackett, P. (2019). Patient education: High altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the basics). UpToDate. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics

In-text 

Figure 1

Portable Hyperbaric Chamber

Note. This photograph of a Camp D'Altitude hyperbaric chamber was provided courtesy of Charles Marquette. The photograph is from"Patient Education: High Altitude Illness (Including Mountain Sickness) (Beyond the Basics)," by S. A. Gallagher and P. Hackett, 2019, (https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics). Copyright 2022 by UpToDate.

In-text

Figure 1 illustrates...

Notes

  • Include database information only for databases that provide original, proprietary works e.g., UpToDate, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
  • The figure number is in bold and placed above image.
  • The title of the image is in italics, capitalized and appears one double spaced line below figure number.
  • If there is no title give a concise description of the image and use this for the title
  • Number the figures consecutively throughout your document.
  • Include copyright attribution in Note below image.
  • Double space the Note and align left
  • If the url is very long, a functioning, shortened link can be used.

Image from a website

Reference list

Artist/Creator, A. A. (date). Title of image [format]. Site name, Location (if applicable). https://xxxxxxxxxx

Ray, M. (1926). Kiki with African mask [photograph]. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/9783/

In-text 

Figure 1

Kiki With African Mask

A woman with eyes closed resting her head on a table holds a mask

Note. From Kiki With African Mask, by M. Ray, 1926, National Gallery of Victoria,  (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/9783). In the public domain.

In-text

As shown in Figure 1.... 

Notes

  • All types of graphical displays are considered to be figures, except for tables.
  • The figure number is in bold and placed above the image.
  • The title of the image is in italics, capitalized and appears one double spaced line below figure number.
  • Number the figures consecutively throughout your document.
  • If the name of the artist or creator is not provided, use the first few words of the title.
  • Include copyright attribution in Note below image.
  • To see if copyright information is available click on the image 
  • Double space the Note and align left
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Clip art or stock image

Reference List

Clip art or stock image that requires an attribution

Artist/Creator, A. A. (year). Title of image [format]. Site name. https://xxxxxxxxxx

Denali National Park and Preserve. (2013). Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8614178747/

In-text 

Figure 1

Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus)

Note. Title of Image [format], by Artist/Creator, A. A., year, Site name (https://xxxxxxxxxx). License.

Note. From Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) [Photograph], by Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013, Flickr (https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8614178747/). CC BY 2.0.

In-text

As shown in Figure 1...

Notes

  • All types of graphical displays are considered to be figures, except for tables.
  • The figure number is in bold and placed above the image.
  • The title of the image is in italics, capitalized and appears one double spaced line below figure number.
  • Number the figures consecutively throughout your document.
  • Provide copyright attribution in the Note, then provide a reference list entry for the image in the reference list.
  • Not all images require attribution. If the license associated with clip art or a stock image states "no attribution required", then do not provide an APA Style reference, in-text citation, or copyright attribution. Clip art from programs like Microsoft Word or PowerPoint do not require attribution.
  • For more details and examples, refer to the APA blog.

Image from a journal article

Reference list

See entry for journal articles

In-text

Figure 1

Women Meet in the Tidal Zone During Ngawiya Maan (We Take to Give)

A group of people stand on sand on the shore of an ocean

Note. From "Title of Article," by A. Author, Year, Journal Title, Volume(issue), p. page number (DOI or URL). Copyright year by Name of Copyright Holder.

Note. From “Songlines, Museology and Contemporary Aboriginal Art," by P. Matt, 2018, Artlink, 38(2), p. 38 (https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.626228289052306). Copyright 2018 by Stella Stories courtesy Australian Museum.

In-text

Figure 1 demonstrates...

 

Notes

  • All types of graphical displays are considered to be figures, except for tables.
  • The figure number is in bold and placed above the image.
  • The title of the image is in italics, capitalized and appears one double spaced line below figure number.
  • If there is no title give a concise description of the image and use this for the title
  • Provide copyright attribution in the Note, then provide a reference list entry for the article in the reference list.
  • Double space the Note and align left
  • For multiple authors check the author layout table for in-text and reference list format.

Image from own device

If you use a photograph that you have taken yourself on your own device, you do not need to cite the image, since you are the creator.

However, you can add a Note below the picture indicating your name and the date the picture was taken.

Image from a book or ebook

Reference list

See entry for books & ebooks

In-text

Figure 1

Overview of Knowledge Base Acceleration

Note. From Title of Book (p. xx), by A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Publisher (DOI or URL). Copyright year by Name of Copyright Holder.

Note. From Entity-Oriented Search (p. 190), by K. Balog, 2018, Springer (https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/handle/11250/2581845). Copyright 2018 by K. Balog.

In-text

Figure 1 demonstrates...

Notes

  • All types of graphical displays are considered to be figures, except for tables.
  • The figure number is in bold and placed above the image.
  • The title of the image is in italics, capitalized and appears one double spaced line below figure number.
  • Number the figures consecutively throughout your document.
  • Provide copyright attribution in the Note, then provide a reference list entry for the book in the reference list.
  • Double space the Note and align left

Image from a chapter in a book or ebook

Reference list

See entry for chapter from book & ebook

In-text

...as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

How to Swim the American Crawl

Illustration of woman swimming

Note. From "Title of Chapter," by A. Author, in B. B. Author and C. C. Author (Eds.), Title of Book, (edition, page no.), Year, Publisher (DOI or URL). Copyright year by Name of Copyright Holder.

Note. From "Swimming the Crawl to Educate the Modern Body: Visual Material and the Expanding Market for Participatory Sports in the USA, 1890s-1930s," by O. Steiglitz, in C. Bonah and A. Laukotter (Eds), Body, Capital, and Screens: Visual media and the Healthy Self in the 20th Century, (p. 165), 2020, Amsterdam University Press (https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdvgj.9). Copyright 1934 by F. J. Sullivan.

In-text

Figure 1 demonstrates...

Notes

  • The figure number is in bold and placed above the image.
  • The title of the image is in italics, capitalized and appears one double spaced line below figure number.
  • Number the figures consecutively throughout your document.
  • Provide copyright attribution in the Note, then provide a reference list entry for the book chapter in the reference list.
  • Double space the Note and align left